“名词+or+名词”结构中or后的名词是同位语,应译为“即……;或者称……”
	  例 1:Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as
well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.
	  译文:再者,除机器外技术还包括技艺,即制作方法,而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。
	  “only
+ to do”意为“……,结果却……”,即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。
	  例1:
They don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the
theatre, the cinema or the opera, onlyto discover, perhaps, that the show is
disappointing.
	  译文:他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票,(如果去了,)结果却可能发现,所演的节目令人失望。
	  例2:
They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.
	  译文:他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿,结果却发现会议被取消了。
	  not
more / -er than 与 no more / -er than 结构
	  John
is not better than Tom.
	  John
is no better than Tom.
	  前一句表示“约翰不比汤姆好”,属于普通的比较结构;后一例用了no 情况就不同了。no
better than 相当于as bad as,含义是两人一样坏。这里,“no + 形容词或副词比较级 + than”所表示的可以说是该形容词或副词的反意。
	  no
richer than = as poor as 和……一样穷
	  no
bigger than = as small as 和……一样小
	  no
later than = as early as 和……一样早
	  I
have not taken more than six courses this semester.
	  I
have taken no more than six courses this semester.
	  前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六门;后一句的含义是只选了六门。强调“少”。
	  上述结构与表示前后都否定的no more...than (= not...any more than)又有所不同:
	  例:A
whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(鲸和马同样不是鱼。)
	  另外,在某些结构中,单独使用more than 也能表示否定概念:
	  例1:That is more than I can tell. 我简直不能说。
	  例2:My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不仅仅是旅游观光而已。
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