2015英语二真题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text。Choosethe best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)
In our contemporary culture,theprospect of communicating with-or even looking at—a stranger is virtuallyunbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with theirphones,even without a
1 underground
It’s a sad reality—our desire toavoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, 3 into your phone. Thisuniversal armor sends the 4 :“Please don’t approachme。”
What is it that makes us feel weneed to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according toJon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection,orthat our innocent social advances will be
6 as“creep,”We fear we’II be 7 Wefear we’II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 tous,so we are more likely to feel 9 whencommunicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoidthis anxiety, we 10 to our phones。“Phones become our securityblanket,“Wortmann says。”They are our happy
glasses that protect us from whatwe perceive is going to be more
11 。”
But once we rip off the bandaid,tuckour smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesn’t 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment,behavioralscientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do theunthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talkto their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroederasked other people in the same train station to 15 howthey would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 wouldbe more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with
the experiment, "not a singleperson reported having been snubbed。”
18 , these commutes werereportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makesabsolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of socialconnections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feelconnected。
1.[A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record
2.[A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D]much
3.[A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D]brought
4.[A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign
5.[A] under [B] beyond [C]behind [D] from
6.[A] misinterprete [B]misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched
7.[A] fired [B] judged [C]replaced [D] delayed
8.[A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C]unconventional [D] unfamiliar
9.[A] comfortable [B] anxious [C]confident [D] angry
10.[A] attend [B] point [C]take [D] turn
11.[A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12.[A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay
13.[A] lecture [B]conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation
14.[A] trainees [B]employees [C] researchers [D]passengers
15.[A] reveal [B] choose [C]predictl [D] design
16.[A] voyage [B] flight [C]walk [D] ride
17.[A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D]put up
18.[A] In turn [B] Inparticular [C]In fact [D] In consequence
19.[A] unless [B] since [C]if [D] whereas
20.[A] funny [B] simple [C]Iogical [D] rare
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
PartA
Directions:
Text1
A new study suggeststhat contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home thanat work. Researchers measured people’s cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker.While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at whatis supposed to be a place of refuge。
“Further contradictingconventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels ofstress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, Infact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Whoreport being bappicr at home than at work,” Another surprise is that thefindings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so fornonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health。
What the study doesn’tmeasure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whetherit is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, theend of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they neverget to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they oftenare playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and thefact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustmentsfor working women, it’ s not surprising that women are more stressed at home。
But it’s not just agender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to bedoing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to drawan income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical ormental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola。
On the home front,however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which thedivision of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lotof tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your homecolleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to betalked into it, or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal ofall electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire yourfamily. You never really get to go home from home。
So it’s not surprisingthat people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparentlyinfinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate。
21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous su rveys found thathome___________
[A]was an un realisticplace for relaxation
[B]generated more stressthan the workplace
[C]was an ideal placefor stress measurement
[D]offered greaterrelaxation than the workplace
22.According to Damaske,
who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A]Working mothers
[B]Childless husbands
[C] Childless wives
[D]Working fathers
23 The blurring ofworking womens roles refers to the fact thay___________
[A]they are both breadwinners and housewives
[B]their home is also aplace for kicking back
[C]there is often muchhousework left behind
[D]it is difficult forthem to leave their office
24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para 4)most probablymeans___________
[A]energy
[B]skills
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
25.The home front differs from theworkplace in that_____________
[A]home is hardly a cozier workingenvironment
[B]division of labor at home isseldom clear-cut
[C]household tasks are generallymore motivating
[D]family labor is often adequatelyrewarded
Text 2
For years, studies havefound that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parentwith a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievementfactors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But sincesuch students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in highereducation, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more ofthem. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generationstudents, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” achievement gap based onsocial class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming inthe journal Psychological Sciense。
But the article isactually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors asgrades)between first-generation and other students。
The authors of the paperare from different universities, and their findins are based on a studyinvolving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parentwith a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal g rant forundergraduates with financial need,while this was true onlyfor 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree
Their thesis-that arelatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the viewthat first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but inpractical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most collegestudents They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is thegap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap。
Many first-gene rationstudents”struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education,learnthe‘rules of the game,’and take advantage of collegeresou rces,” they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’ttalk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups ofstudents Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how socialclass can affect students’ educational expe rience,manyfirst-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do
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