1.confine

[kən’faɪn]  vt.限制，禁闭  n. 界限，限制

Cancers are not confined to old people.

癌症不限于老人。

2

refine

[rɪ’faɪn]  vt.  精炼，精制，改善

Crude oil is industrially refined to purify it.

原油要经过工业精炼提纯。

3

*define

[dɪ’faɪn]  vt. 定义，使明确

definition  n. 定义

definite  adj. 一定的，确切的

4

*restrict

[rɪ’strɪkt]  vt. 限制  

to restrict the sales of alcohol/guns  限制酒水/枪支的买卖

Having small children really restricts your social life.

有了孩子真得会限制你的社交。

5

*limit

[‘lɪmɪt]  vt. 限制  n. 限制，界线

high limit  上限

I have to limit my talk to 20 minutes.

我必须把谈话限制在20分钟以内。

6

*restrain

[rɪ’streɪn]  vt.  抑制，控制

You should try to restrain your ambitions and  be more realistic.

你要试着控制自己的野心，变得现实一些。

Growth in car ownership could be  restrained by increasing taxes.

私家车的增长可以通过增加税收进行控制。

7

constrain

[kən’streɪn]  vt.  约束，限制

Rising energy costs are constraining consumer and business spending.

不断上涨的能源成本限制了消费者和企业支出。

8

refrain

[rɪ’freɪn]  vi. 节制，克制

She refrained from making no comment.

她忍住了没做任何评论。

9

*curb

[kɜːb]  vt. /n. 控制，勒住   

curb the spread of AIDS  控制艾滋病的蔓延

strict curbs on immigration  对移民的严格控制